Peach tree, &#39;Burpeachtwentyseven&#39;

ABSTRACT

A new and distinct variety of peach tree ( Prunus persica ), which is denominated varietally as ‘Burpeachtwentyseven’, and which produces an attractively colored yellow-fleshed, freestone peach which is mature for harvesting and shipment approximately June 12 to June 19 under the ecological conditions prevailing in the San Joaquin Valley of central California.

BACKGROUND OF THE NEW VARIETY

The present invention relates to a new, novel, and distinct variety of peach tree, ‘Prunus persica’, and which has been denominated varietally as ‘Burpeachtwentyseven’.

ORIGIN

The present variety of peach tree resulted from an on-going program of fruit and nut tree breeding. The purpose of this program is to improve the commercial quality of deciduous fruit and nut varieties, and rootstocks, by creating and releasing promising selections of prunus, malus and regia species. To this end we make both controlled and hybrid cross pollinations each year in order to produce seedling populations from which improved progenies are evaluated and selected.

The seedling, ‘Burpeachtwentyseven’ was originated by us, and selected from a population of seedlings growing in our experimental orchards which is located near Fowler, Calif. The seedlings, grown on their own roots, were derived from a cross that was made in 1996 of the acidic, yellow-fleshed, peach which is identified as ‘Spring Gem’ (unpatented) and the nectarine variety identified as B17.013, and which is an early mid-season, white fleshed, non-melting, clingstone nectarine, as the seed parent. As the fruit ripened the resulting seed from this cross, was stratified, germinated and then was subsequently grown in a greenhouse to an appropriate development stage. Subsequently, the new plants were field planted and grown for further evaluation. One seedling, which is the present variety, exhibited especially desirable characteristics, and was then designated as ‘E8.017’. This seedling was marked for subsequent observation. After the 1999 fruiting season, the new variety of peach tree ‘E8.017’, now named ‘Burpeachtwentyseven’ was selected for advanced evaluation and repropagation.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Asexual reproduction of this new and distinct variety of peach tree was accomplished by budding the new peach tree ‘E8.017’ onto ‘Nemaguard’ Rootstock (un-patented). This was performed by us in our experimental orchard which is located near Fowler, Calif. Subsequent evaluations of these asexually reproduced plants have shown those asexual reproductions run true to the original tree. All characteristics of the original tree, and its fruit, were established, and appear to be transmitted through these succeeding asexual propagations.

SUMMARY OF THE VARIETY

‘Burpeachtwentyseven’ is a new and distinct variety of peach tree, which is considered of medium to medium large size, and which has a moderately vigorous growth characteristic. This new peach tree is also a regular and productive bearer of relatively large, firm, yellow-fleshed, clingstone fruit which have a good flavor and eating qualities. This new peach tree has a medium chilling requirement of approximately 650 hours, and further produces relatively uniformly sized fruit throughout the tree. In addition to the foregoing, the fruit of the new peach tree also appears to have good handling and shipping qualities.

The ‘Burpeachtwentyseven’ peach tree bears fruit which are ripe for commercial harvesting and shipment on approximately June 12 to June 19 under the ecological conditions prevailing in the San Joaquin Valley of central California. In relative comparison to the ‘Burpeachsix’ peach tree (U.S. Pat. No. 13,392), which produces fruit having a similar harvesting date, the new variety of peach tree bears fruit which is firmer and has a higher degree of red blush color on the skin surface. Further the new peach variety exhibits a clingstone character which is in contrast to the fruit of the ‘Burpeachsix’ peach tree which is freestone. These distinctions are displayed when both varieties have been grown and evaluated under the same cultural conditions, and at the same geographical location. Further, the fruit of the subject variety generally exhibits a larger fruit diameter (approximately 5-8 mm larger) than the parent peach ‘Spring Gem’ (unpatented), and the current variety ripens approximately 15-18 days later than the seed parent peach tree ‘Spring Gem’.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawing, which is provided, is a color photograph of the new peach tree variety. The photograph depicts two whole mature fruit showing the top and bottom characteristics thereof, and one mature fruit bisected laterally along the equatorial plane, and which reveals the flesh characteristics thereof. The external coloration of the fruit as shown in the photograph is sufficiently matured for harvesting and shipment. Additionally the photograph displays a sample vegetative shoot bearing typical leaves, and a typical stone with the flesh removed, and which displays the surface characteristics thereof.

The colors in these photographs are as nearly true as is reasonably possible in a color representation of this type. Due to chemical development, processing and printing, the leaves and fruit depicted in these photographs may, or may not, be accurate when compared to the actual specimen. For this reason, future color references should be made to the color plates (Royal Horticultural Society) and descriptions provided, hereinafter.

NOT A COMMERCIAL WARRANTY

The following detailed description has been prepared to solely comply with the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112, and does not constitute a commercial warranty, (either expressed or implied), that the present variety will in the future display the botanical, pomological or other characteristics as set forth, hereinafter. Therefore, this disclosure may not be relied upon to support any future legal claims, including, but not limited to, breach of warranty of merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose, or non-infringement which is directed, in whole, or part, to the present variety.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring more specifically to the pomological details of this new and distinct variety of peach tree, the following has been observed during the seventh fruiting season under the ecological conditions prevailing at the orchards of the assignee which are located near the town of Fowler, county of Fresno, state of Calif. All major color code designations are by reference to the R.H.S. Colour Chart (Fourth Edition) provided by The Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain. Common color names are also occasionally used.

-   Tree:     -   -   Size.—Generally. Considered medium to medium large as             compared to other common commercial peach cultivars ripening             in the early season of maturity. The tree of the present             variety was pruned to a height of approximately 270.0 cm to             about 310.0 cm at commercial maturity.         -   Vigor.—Considered vigorous. The present peach tree variety             grew from about 172.0 cm to about 180.0 cm in height during             the first growing season. The new variety was pruned to a             height of approximately 150.0 cm during the first dormant             season, and primary scaffolds were then selected for the             desired tree structure.         -   Productivity.—Productive. Fruit set varies from more than             the desired crop load to levels much higher than desired             levels when grown in a suitable horticultural zone, and             under appropriate commercial conditions. The fruit set is             spaced by thinning to develop the remaining fruit into the             desired market-sized fruit. The number of the fruit set             varies with the prevailing climatic conditions and the             cultural practices employed. Therefore productivity is not a             distinctive characteristic of the new variety.         -   Fruit bearing.—Regular. Fruit set has been more than             adequate during the previous years of observation, and             thinning was necessary during the past 8 years on both the             original seedling and on subsequent asexually reproduced             trees.         -   Form.—Upright, and pruned into a vase shape.         -   Density.—Considered moderately dense. It has been discovered             that pruning the branches from the center of the tree to             obtain a resulting vase shape allows for air movement and             appropriate amounts of sunlight to enhance fruit color, and             renewal of fruiting wood throughout the tree.         -   Hardiness.—The present tree was grown and evaluated in USDA             Hardiness Zone 9. The calculated winter chilling             requirements of the new tree is approximately 650 hours at a             temperature below 7.0 degrees C. The present variety appears             to be hardy under typical central San Joaquin Valley             climatic conditions. -   Trunk:     -   -   Diameter.—Approximately 17.5 cm in diameter when measured at             a distance of approximately 15.24 cm above the soil level.             This measurement was taken at the end of the seventh growing             season.         -   Bark texture.—Considered moderately rough, with numerous             folds of papery scarfskin being present. Since bark             development and coloration change with advancing tree age             this characteristic varies with the tree vigor, age and             regional conditions. Therefore, this is not a dependable             descriptor of the new variety.         -   Lenticels.—Numerous flat, oval lenticels are present. The             lenticels range in size from approximately 4.0 millimeters             to about 6.0 mm in width, and between about 1.0 and about             2.0 millimeters in height. The development and size of the             trunk lenticels can be influenced, to some degree, by the             ambient growing conditions and are not, necessarily, a             dependable characteristic of this variety. As trees of this             variety mature, lenticels are present, but they are             generally covered by increasing layers of cork (mature bark)             and therefore become less apparent.         -   Lenticel color.—Considered an orange brown, (RHS             Greyed-Yellow Group 162 B).         -   Bark coloration.—Variable, but it is generally considered to             be a medium brown, (RHS Greyed-Orange Group 166 D). This             bark description was taken from trees in their seventh leaf             which have ruptured the scarf skin, and which also have             developed bark furrowing which is much more typical of the             bark of older trees. It should be noted that the coloration             of the bark is influenced, and varies, as the smoother,             darker background color approaches other bark features such             as the lenticels, and the initial fissures which form a             feature of the scarf skin development. -   Branches:     -   -   Size.—Considered medium for the variety.         -   Diameter.—Average as compared to other peach varieties. The             branches have a diameter of about 9.0 centimeters when             measured during the seventh year after grafting.         -   Surface texture.—Average, and appearing furrowed on wood             which is several years old.         -   Crotch angles.—Primary branches are considered variable, and             are usually growing at an angle of about 50 to about 60             degrees when measured from a horizontal plane. This             characteristic can be influenced, to some degree, by tree             vigor, rootstock and other cultural conditions.         -   Current season shoots.—Surface texture — Substantially             glabrous.         -   Internode length.—Approximately 2.5 cm.         -   Color of mature branches.—Grey brown, (RHS Grey-Orange Group             174 A).         -   Current seasons shoots.—Color. — Medium-light green, (RHS             Green Group 144 A). The color of new shoot tips is             considered a bright and shiny green (RHS Green Group 141 A).             The vegetative shoot color can be significantly influenced             by plant nutrition, irrigation practices, and exposure to             sunlight, and therefore should not be considered a             consistent botanical characteristic of this new variety. -   Leaves:     -   -   Size.—Considered medium for the species. Leaf measurements             have been taken from vigorous, upright, current-season             growth, at approximately mid-shoot. It should be understood             that the leaf size is often influenced by prevailing growing             conditions, quality of sunlight, and the location of the             leaf within the tree canopy. For this reason, leaf sizes can             vary significantly based upon the ambient and cultural             factors listed above, and are not typically considered a             dependable botanical descriptor.         -   Leaf length.—Approximately 145.0 to about 167.0 millimeters.         -   Leaf width.—Approximately 29.0 to about 33.0 millimeters.         -   Leaf base-shape.—The leaves generally exhibit equal marginal             symmetry relative to the leaf longitudinal axis.         -   Leaf form.—Lanceolate.         -   Leaf tip form.—Acuminate.         -   Leaf color.—Upper Leaf Surface — Dark green, (approximately             RHS Green Group 131 B).         -   Leaf texture.—Glabrous.         -   Leaf color.—Lower Surface — Deep green, (approximately RHS             Yellow-Green Group 146 B).         -   Leaf venation.—Broadly pinnately veined.         -   Mid-Vein.—Color — Considered a light yellow-green,             (approximately RHS Yellow-Green Group 150 C) in the early to             mid-period of the growing season.         -   Leaf margins.—Gently undulating. Form. — Considered bluntly             serrate, occasionally biserrate. Uniformity. — Considered             generally uniform.         -   Leaf petioles.—Form. — Considered canaliculated, that is,             having a shallow channel and more pronounced trough from the             dorsal aspect. The petiole margin is considered rounded when             viewed from the ventral aspect. Size. — Considered medium             large for the species. Length. — About 9.0 to about 12.0 mm.             Diameter. — About 1.5 to about 2.5 mm. Color. — Pale green,             (approximately RHS Yellow-Green Group 146 C).         -   Leaf glands.—Size. — Considered small for the species;             approximately 1.0 mm in length; and about 1.0 mm in height.             Number. — Generally one to two glands per marginal side are             found. Observations of more than two glands per marginal             side are more uncommon. Type. — Generally considered to be a             tight, small reniform shaped gland. Color. — Considered a             pale green, approximately (RHS Green Group 143 B). Typically             the coloration of the glands darkens, and occasionally             begins to desiccate during, and after, the mid-late growing             season.         -   Leaf stipules.—Size. — Medium large for this variety.             Number. — Typically 2 per leaf bud, and up to 6 per shoot             tip. Form. — Lanceolate in form, and having a serrated             marginal edge. Color. — Green, (approximately RHS Green             Group 137 C) when young, but graduating to a brown color,             (approximately RHS Greyed-Orange group N172 A) with             advancing senescence. The leaf stipules are generally             considered to be early deciduous. -   Flowers: -   Flower buds:     -   -   Hardiness.—No winter injury (bud death) has been noted             during the last several years of observation in the central             San Joaquin Valley. The new variety of peach tree has not             been intentionally subjected to drought or heat stress, and             therefore this information is not available.         -   Date of first bloom.—Observed on Mar. 1, 2010.         -   Blooming time.—Considered medium in relative comparison to             other commercial peach cultivars grown in the central San             Joaquin Valley. The date of full bloom was observed on Mar.             9, 2010. The date of full bloom varies slightly with             climatic conditions, and prevailing cultural practices.         -   Duration of bloom.—Approximately 9 days. This characteristic             varies slightly with the prevailing climatic conditions.         -   Flower type.—The variety is considered to have a showy type             flower.         -   Flower size.—Considered relatively large. The flower             diameter at full bloom, is approximately 49.0 to 54.0             millimeters.         -   Bloom quantity.—Considered abundant.         -   Flower bud frequency.—Normally one to two flower buds appear             per node. Only rarely does more than 2 flower buds per node             occur.         -   Petal size.—Generally considered medium large for the             species. Length. — Approximately 20.0 to 24.0 millimeters.             Width. — Approximately 19.0 to 21.0 millimeters.         -   Petal form.—Considered an apically rounded ovate.         -   Petal count.—Nearly always 5.         -   Petal texture.—Glabrous.         -   Petal color.—Considered a light pink at the popcorn stage,             (RHS Red-Purple Group 63 D), and darkening with advanced             senescence, and the exposure of sunlight to a medium dark             pink, (RHS Red-Purple 64 C).         -   Fragrance.—Slight.         -   Petal claw.—Form. — The claw is considered ovate, and is             generally medium large when compared to other varieties.             Length. — Approximately 10.0-13.0 millimeters. Width. —             Approximately 9.0 to 11.0 millimeters.         -   Petal margins.—Generally considered variable, from nearly             smooth to moderately undulate.         -   Petal apex.—Occasionally a small, axially centered groove is             noted.         -   Flower pedicel.—Length. — Considered medium long with an             approximate length of about 4.0 to about 5.0 millimeters.             Diameter. — Approximately 2.5 millimeters. Color. — A medium             brown, approximately (RHS Grey-Brown Group N199 D).         -   Floral nectaries.—Color. — Considered a dull orange-red (RHS             Orange-Red Group N34 B).         -   Calyx.—Surface Texture. — Generally glabrous. Color. — A             dull red, (approximately RHS Greyed-Purple Group 183 A).         -   Sepals.—Surface Texture. — The surface has a short, fine             pubescent texture. Size. — Average, and ovate in form.             Color. — A dull red, (approximately RHS Greyed-Red Group 178             A).         -   Anthers.—Generally. — Average, to above average in length.             Color. — Red to reddish-orange when viewed dorsally prior to             dehiscence, (approximately RHS Greyed-Red Group 180 A).         -   Pollen production.—Abundant. Color. — Considered yellow in             color, (approximately RHS Yellow-Orange Group 17 B).         -   Fertility.—Self-fertile.         -   Filaments.—Size. — Approximately 15.0 to 19.0 millimeters in             length. Color. — Considered white to a pinkish-white, (RHS             Red Purple Group 62 D).         -   Pistil.—Number. — Usually one, and only rarely more than             one. Generally. — Average in size. Length. — Approximately             18.0 to about 20.0 millimeters in length including the             ovary. Color. — Considered a very pale green, (approximately             RHS Yellow Green Group 151D). Surface Texture. — The variety             has a long pubescent pistil. -   Fruit:     -   -   Maturity when described.—Firm ripe condition (shipping             ripe).         -   Date of first picking.—Jun. 12, 2010. Date of last picking.             — Jun. 17, 2010. The date of harvest varies slightly with             the prevailing climatic conditions and the current cultural             practices.         -   Size.—Generally — Considered large, and uniform.         -   Average cheek diameter.—Approximately 68.0 to about 75.0             millimeters.         -   Average axial diameter.—Approximately 65.0 to about 72.0             millimeters.         -   Typical weight.—Approximately 258.0 grams. This             characteristic is quite dependent upon the prevailing             cultural practices, and therefore is not particularly             distinctive of the new variety.         -   Fruit form.—Generally — Considered slightly oblate. The             fruit is generally uniform in symmetry.         -   Fruit suture.—No callousing or stitching exists along the             suture line.         -   Suture.—Color — Generally blushed to the same degree as the             skin, (approximately RHS Red Group 42 A).         -   Ventral surface.—Form — Quite even and uniform in appearance             when it is viewed from the lateral sutorial plane. The             suture shape often exhibits a slight, rounded protrusion in             the region of the ventral axis.         -   Apex.—Shape — Rounded.         -   Base.—Shape — Generally smooth.         -   Stem cavity.—Generally — It extends in an oval form which is             generally oriented along the sutorial plane. The stem cavity             is rounded and uniform in shape. The average depth of the             stem cavity is about 7.0 mm. The average width of the stem             cavity is about 12.0 mm. The average length of the stem             cavity when measured in the sutorial plane is about 22.0 mm.         -   Fruit skin.—Thickness. — Considered medium in thickness, and             tenacious to the flesh. Surface Texture. — Short, fine and             pubescent. The pubescence is moderately abundant. Taste. —             Non-astringent. Tendency to crack. — Not observed in the             previous years of observation and evaluation.         -   Fruit skin color.—Blush Color. — Generally speaking, a red             blush exists on a majority of the skin of the fruit             (approximately RHS Red Group 42 A), and is typically more             present on the portions of the fruit facing the sunlight.             The blush covers approximately 80-90% of the fruit skin             surface. The percentage of the blush on the fruit skin             surface can vary, and is generally dependent upon the             fruit's exposure to direct sunlight; specific fruit             maturity; and also the prevailing ecological and cultural             conditions under which the fruit is grown. It should be             noted that the presence of darker pigmentation which causes             ‘striping’ or ‘tigering,’ is generally observed laterally,             and above the equatorial plane and generally increases in             frequency in progression toward the fruit's apex. This             additional pigmentation generally deepens the hue of the             surrounding surface. Ground Color. — Yellow, (approximately             RHS Yellow Group 10 A). The ground color of the fruit can             vary significantly based upon the maturity of the fruit when             this measurement is taken.         -   Fruit stem.—Size — Medium in length, approximately 6.0 to             about 10.0 millimeters. Diameter. — Approximately 2.0 to             about 3.0 millimeters. Color. — Pale yellow-green,             (approximately RHS Yellow-Green Group N144 B).         -   Fruit flesh.—Ripening. — Considered even. Texture. — Firm,             juicy and dense. Considered firm yet melting. Fibers. — Few             are found. Aroma. — Slight. Eating Quality. — Considered             very good. Flavor. — Considered very sweet and with moderate             acidity. The flavor is considered both pleasant and             balanced. Juice Production. — Moderate. Brix. — About 12.0             to 15.0 degrees. This characteristic varies slightly with             the number of fruit per tree; the maturity of fruit when             harvested; the prevailing cultural practices; and the             ambient climatic conditions. Flesh Color. — It is considered             an orange-yellow, (approximately RHS Yellow Group 10 D. -   Stone:     -   -   Type.—Considered clingstone.         -   Size.—Considered medium for the variety. The stone size             varies significantly depending upon the tree vigor, the crop             load and the prevailing growing and cultural conditions.         -   Length.—Average, about 30.0 to about 35.0 millimeters.         -   Width.—Average, about 26.0 to about 31.0 millimeters.         -   Diameter.—Average, about 20.0 to about 24.0 millimeters.         -   Form.—Roughly ovoid.         -   Form.—Roughly ovoid.         -   Base.—Shape — The stone is considered shortly attenuate.         -   Apex.—Shape — The stone exhibits a slight to prominently             acute apex.         -   Stone surface.—Surface Texture — Considered irregularly             furrowed toward the apex. Further, more pitting exists in             the mid-portion of the stone (laterally), and is more common             toward the base. Ridges. — Ridging is generally more             prominent, and is usually oriented parallel, and laterally             relative at the ventral and dorsal margins. Ventral Edge. —             The ventral edge is generally considered troughed with two             reasonably distinguished edges running parallel to, and on             both sides of the stone's suture. These distinct edges             continue from the hilum to the apex. Dorsal Edge. — Shape —             Generally considered moderately rough, and uneven. The folds             of the surface ridges appearing on the external margins             often end abruptly along the suture.         -   Stone color.—The color of a mature, dry stone is generally             considered a pinkish tan, approximately (RHS Orange-Red             Group 31 C). This coloration depends, to some degree, on the             moisture content of the stone. This color is variable,             however, and may also be affected by oxidation and sun             bleaching. This variability in the color, depending upon the             stone's maturity, and sun exposure, would be considered an             inconsistent descriptor of this new variety.         -   Tendency to split.—Splitting has rarely been noted.         -   Kernel.—Size. — The kernel is considered medium-small in             size. Form. — Considered generally ovoid. Pellicle. —             Slightly pubescent. Color. — (RHS Greyed-Orange Group 163             C).         -   Use.—The present variety ‘Burpeachtwentyseven’ is considered             to be a peach tree of the early season of maturity, and             which produces fruit which are considered to be firm,             attractively colored, and which are useful for both local             and long distance shipping.         -   Keeping quality.—Appears excellent. The fruit of the present             variety has stored well for periods of up to 30 days after             harvest at 1.0 degree Celsius.         -   Shipping quality.—Good. The fruit of the new peach tree             variety showed minimal bruising of the flesh or skin damage             after being subjected to normal harvesting and packing             procedures.         -   Resistance to insects and disease.—No particular             susceptibilities were noted. The present variety has not             been tested to expose or detect any susceptibilities or             resistances to any known plant and/or fruit diseases.

Although the new variety of peach tree possesses the described characteristics when grown under the ecological conditions prevailing near Fowler, Calif., in the Central part of the San Joaquin Valley of California, it should be understood that variations of the usual magnitude, and characteristics incident to changes in growing conditions, fertilization, nutrition, pruning, pest control, frost, climatic variables and changes in horticultural management are to be expected. 

1. A new distinct variety of peach tree, substantially as illustrated and described, and which is characterized principally as to novelty by producing an attractively colored yellow-fleshed, clingstone peach which is mature for harvesting and shipment approximately June 12 to June 19 under the ecological conditions prevailing in the San Joaquin Valley of central California. 